Katerina Mastronardi, MD

ECT can be lifesaving for critically ill individuals with severe psychiatric and neuropsychiatric conditions; however, cardiac monitoring is essential.

Explore which treatments are best for your patients with alcohol use disorders and when you should refer for specialized psychological or pharmacologic interventions.

This article offers a practical framework for distinguishing rage from irritability and impulsivity, identifying underlying neuropsychiatric drivers, and guiding evidence-based management across conditions including PTSD, TBI, and mood disorders.